Start to Finish: How Long the Form I-485 Process Takes
If you’re applying for a green card from within the United States, understanding the Form I-485 processing timeline is crucial. This process—called adjustment of status—includes several key steps, from submitting your application to receiving your green card.
On average, Form I-485 takes 8 to 14 months to process. However, your actual timeline may vary depending on your eligibility category, the USCIS field office handling your case, and whether any additional requests (like biometrics or an interview) are required.
To help you prepare and complete your application accurately, see our detailed step-by-step instructions for completing Form I-485. In this section, we walk you through each phase—so you’ll know what to expect and how to stay on track.
Why Knowing the Timeline Matters
Understanding how long the I-485 process takes is important because it helps you:
- Plan for key milestones, like your biometrics appointment or interview,
- Prepare for work or travel if you’re waiting on a work permit (EAD) or advance parole,
- Avoid unnecessary delays by knowing when a case is outside normal processing time.
Since USCIS updates processing times regularly—and they vary by location—it’s critical to stay informed and track your case closely throughout the process. For an in-depth walkthrough—including eligibility, filing process, required forms, fees, and step-by-step instructions—check out our Guide: “Form I‑485 Adjustment of Status”.
Quick‑Glance on Form I-485 Timeline
| Step | What Happens | Typical Timing After Filing |
| Receipt Notice (I‑797C) | USCIS confirms it has your packet | 2 – 4 weeks |
| Biometrics Appointment Notice | Fingerprint / photo scheduling | 5 – 8 weeks |
| Biometrics Appointment | You appear at ASC | 5 – 10 weeks |
| EAD / Advance Parole (Optional) | Combo card arrives | 14 – 20 weeks |
| Interview Scheduled | You receive interview letter | 4 – 10 months |
| Adjustment Interview | Not always required | 6 – 12 months |
| Green Card Approved / Mailed | Permanent‑resident status granted | 8 – 14 months |
Check Your Eligibility
Before sending Form I‑485, confirm that a visa is immediately available in your category and that you meet all statutory and admissibility requirements. See our I‑485 Eligibility Checklist for a line‑by‑line walkthrough.
Below is a more detailed explanation of each stage shown in the Quick-Glance Timeline, including what to expect at every point in the I-485 process.
Form I-485 Timeline & Process Steps
After submitting Form I-485 to USCIS, your adjustment of status application will go through several key stages. Below is a breakdown of what typically happens at each step, based on standard processing timelines. These steps correspond with the summary shown in the Quick-Glance Timeline above. To ensure your application is complete and avoid delays, refer to our I-485 document checklist.
1. Receipt Notice (Form I-797C)
Timeline: 2–4 weeks after filing
USCIS will send you a Receipt Notice confirming that they have received your Form I-485. This notice includes a receipt number you can use to track your case status online.
2. Biometric Services Appointment Notice
Timeline: 5–8 weeks after filing
Next, you’ll receive an appointment notice for biometrics. This is your fingerprinting appointment, typically held at an Application Support Center (ASC).
3. Biometrics Appointment
Timeline: Usually occurs within 1–2 weeks of the notice
At the appointment, USCIS will collect your fingerprints, photograph, and signature. These are used to run background checks with the FBI and DHS. Check our guide on how to prepare for a biometric appointment.
4. Employment Authorization Document (EAD) & Advance Parole (AP)
Timeline: 14–20 weeks after filing
If you applied for a work permit (Form I-765) or travel permit (Form I-131) with your I-485, you may receive a combo EAD/AP card. This allows you to work and re-enter the U.S. while your I-485 is pending.
5. Interview Notice
Timeline: 4–10 months after filing
If an interview is required, USCIS will send you a notice with the date, time, and location. Be sure to bring updated documentation, your original civil documents, and a copy of your application.
6. Adjustment of Status Interview
Timeline: Typically scheduled within 1–2 months of notice
During the interview, a USCIS officer will review your application and verify your eligibility. Not all applicants are interviewed—some may receive a waiver if their case is low-risk and well-documented. Check the process, questions asked during the interview in our detailed Form I-485 interview guide.
7. Receive Permanent Resident Card (Green Card)
Timeline: 8–14 months after filing
If your interview is successful (or waived), USCIS will approve your application and mail your green card. Congratulations! You are now a lawful permanent resident.
Note: The process steps and timeline mentioned above may vary depending on various factors such as your application status, individual circumstances, filing office, and workload of the USCIS.
Average Processing Times by Category (USCIS FY 2025 Q2)
| Category | Typical Range | Notes & Common Variations |
| Employment‑Based | 5-51 Months | Longer at Texas & Nebraska Service Centers |
| Family‑Based | 12-40 Months | Immediate‑relative cases trend faster |
| Asylee / Refugee | 21 – 40 months | Interview usually waived |
| T‑Visa (Human‑Trafficking) Adjustments | ≈ 35 months | Vermont Service Center |
| U‑Visa Adjustments | 21 – 29 months | Nebraska vs Vermont varies |
| HRIFA (Haitian Refugees) | Varies | Must request status via e‑Request |
Detailed USCIS Field Office Tables
Below is the complete list of Form I-485 categories, service centers, and their processing times. These times represent how long it takes for 80% of cases to be completed. It is updated on November 11, 2025.
Employment-Based Form I-485 Processing Time
| Field Office or Service Center | Processing Time |
| Service Center Operations (SCOPS) | 26.5 Months |
| All Field Offices | 10 Months |
Family-Based Form I-485 Processing Time
| Field Office or Service Center | Processing Time |
| Agana GU | 12.5 Months |
| Albany NY | 13.5 Months |
| Albuquerque NM | 9.5 Months |
| Anchorage AK | 12 Months |
| Atlanta GA | 12.5 Months |
| Baltimore MD | 13 Months |
| Boise ID | 11.5 Months |
| Boston MA | 9.5 Months |
| Brooklyn NY | 17 Months |
| Buffalo NY | 9.5 Months |
| Burlington VT | 9 Months |
| Charleston SC | 15 Months |
| Charlotte Amalie VI | 19 Months |
| Charlotte NC | 14.5 Months |
| Chicago IL | 8.5 Months |
| Christiansted VI | 21 Months |
| Cincinnati OH | 9 Months |
| Cleveland OH | 15 Months |
| Columbus OH | 11.5 Months |
| Cranbury NJ | 11.5 Months |
| Dallas TX | 8.5 Months |
| Denver CO | 12 Months |
| Des Moines IA | 14 Months |
| Detroit MI | 10.5 Months |
| El Paso TX | 8 Months |
| Fort Myers FL | 18.5 Months |
| Fort Smith AR | 11 Months |
| Fresno CA | 11.5 Months |
| Greer SC | 11 Months |
| Harlingen TX | 7.5 Months |
| Hartford CT | 17 Months |
| Helena MT | 10.5 Months |
| Hialeah FL | 9.5 Months |
| Honolulu HI | 10 Months |
| Houston TX | 9.5 Months |
| Imperial CA | 10 Months |
| Indianapolis IN | 15.5 Months |
| Jacksonville FL | 17 Months |
| Kansas City MO | 11.5 Months |
| Kendall FL | 10 Months |
| Las Vegas NV | 11 Months |
| Lawrence MA | 10.5 Months |
| Long Island NY | 10.5 Months |
| Los Angeles CA | 9.5 Months |
| Los Angeles County CA | 10.5 Months |
| Louisville KY | 10 Months |
| Manchester NH | 10.5 Months |
| Memphis TN | 13.5 Months |
| Miami FL | 16 Months |
| Milwaukee WI | 11 Months |
| Minneapolis-St. Paul MN | 9.5 Months |
| Montgomery AL | 12 Months |
| Mount Laurel NJ | 12 Months |
| Nashville TN | 14 Months |
| Newark NJ | 16.5 Months |
| New Orleans LA | 14.5 Months |
| New York City NY | 9 Months |
| Norfolk VA | 15 Months |
| Oakland Park FL | 18.5 Months |
| Oklahoma City OK | 9.5 Months |
| Omaha NE | 8.5 Months |
| Orlando FL | 16.5 Months |
| Philadelphia PA | 9.5 Months |
| Phoenix AZ | 10 Months |
| Pittsburgh PA | 12 Months |
| Portland ME | 18 Months |
| Portland OR | 11 Months |
| Providence RI | 14 Months |
| Queens NY | 11 Months |
| Raleigh NC | 13 Months |
| Reno NV | 9.5 Months |
| Sacramento CA | 11.5 Months |
| Saint Louis MO | 8.5 Months |
| Salt Lake City UT | 10.5 Months |
| San Antonio TX | 10.5 Months |
| San Bernardino CA | 9.5 Months |
| San Diego CA | 10.5 Months |
| San Fernando Valley CA | 11 Months |
| San Francisco CA | 9.5 Months |
| San Jose CA | 9 Months |
| San Juan PR | 13 Months |
| Santa Ana CA | 10 Months |
| Seattle WA | 14 Months |
| Spokane WA | 15.5 Months |
| Tampa FL | 18.5 Months |
| Tucson AZ | 10.5 Months |
| Washington DC | 14 Months |
| West Palm Beach FL | 18 Months |
| Wichita KS | 9.5 Months |
| Yakima WA | 13 Months |
Under the Haitian Refugee Immigrant Fairness Act (HRIFA) Form I-485 Processing Time
| Field Office or Service Center | Processing Time |
| Service Center Operations (SCOPS) | Get information through the USCIS processing times Tool online or by calling the USCIS Contact Center |
Asylum-Based (More than 1 year) Form I-485 Processing Time
| Field Office or Service Center | Processing Time |
| All Field Offices | 19.5 Months |
Refugee-Based (More than 1 year) Form I-485 Processing Time
| Field Office or Service Center | Processing Time |
| All Field Offices | 13 Months |
Based on an approved T Visa Form I-485 Processing Time
| Field Office or Service Center | Processing Time |
| Service Center Operations (SCOPS) | 41 Months |
Based on an approved U Visa Form I-485 Processing Time
| Field Office or Service Center | Processing Time |
| Service Center Operations (SCOPS) | 26 Months |
Historical Processing Times: I‑485 Form (FY 2014–2025)
Understanding how long it took to process I‑485 applications in the past helps applicants assess whether current wait times are typical or unusually delayed. The median time indicates how long it took for half of the applications to be completed each fiscal year.
Here are the official median processing times (by USCIS) for Form I‑485:
| Year | Family-based adjustment applications | Employment-based adjustment applications | Based on grant of asylum more than 1 year ago | Based on refugee admission more than 1 year ago | Based on Cuban Adjustment Act of 1966 (CAA) | All Other Adjustment of Status |
| 2014 | 5.0 | 4.0 | 3.2 | 4.6 | 7.1 | 7.6 |
| 2015 | 6.4 | 6.0 | 3.7 | 5.3 | 10.0 | 7.2 |
| 2016 | 6.1 | 5.5 | 4.4 | 5.5 | 4.8 | 7.5 |
| 2017 | 7.9 | 7.0 | 5.5 | 4.6 | 6.2 | 7.4 |
| 2018 | 10.2 | 10.6 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 7.6 | 11.7 |
| 2019 | 10.9 | 10.0 | 6.7 | 9.4 | 11.3 | 24.0 |
| 2020 | 9.3 | 8.8 | 6.9 | 9.3 | 7.1 | 32.7 |
| 2021 | 12.9 | 9.9 | 12.9 | 7.1 | 8.5 | 8.7 |
| 2022 | 10.6 | 11.0 | 22.6 | 14.1 | 5.5 | 5.4 |
| 2023 | 11.4 | 8.6 | 22.9 | 21.6 | 3.3 | 7.0 |
| 2024 | 8.9 | 6.6 | 13.4 | 13.2 | 4.6 | 9.7 |
| 2025 | 8.7 | 7.0 | 10.2 | 7.5 | 6.4 | 10.9 |
Source: Check USCIS historical processing times for all other forms.
How to Check Your Case Status
- Locate your 13‑digit receipt number (e.g., MSC2190…).
- Visit the USCIS Case Status Tool to track your application with your receipt number. You can also check average timelines by category and office using the USCIS Processing Times page. For a full explanation of how USCIS calculates and updates these timelines, read our USCIS Processing Times Explained article.
- Sign up for automatic text/email alerts.
- If your case is outside the normal range displayed, submit an e‑Request or call the USCIS Contact Center.
Reasons for Form I-485 Application Delays
There are several reasons for the delay in processing your I-485 application form. The most common reasons are:
- You have received a Request for Evidence (RFE), which is asking for additional information to support your submission of Form I-485.
- The appointment for your biometrics has been rescheduled.
- Your case has been transferred to a different USCIS Service Center.
- In some cases, delays or errors may lead to application denial. Learn more about I-485 Denial and Rejection and what to do if this happens.
- The USCIS may conduct additional checks and investigations related to your case.
- You have changed your address, and it’s important to update it with USCIS.
What to Do When Your I‑485 Is Outside Normal Processing Time
- Submit a “Outside Normal Processing Time” e‑Request (online).
If you’re unsure whether your case is delayed, our guide on USCIS Processing Times Explained can help you interpret the published timelines more accurately. - Call USCIS at 800‑375‑5283 (have your receipt number ready).
- Ask your congressional representative for assistance if the delay is extreme.
- Consider an Ombudsman inquiry for systemic issues.
- If urgent travel or job loss is at stake, discuss mandamus or writ of habeas actions with an immigration attorney.
FAQs on I-485 Processing Time
Can I expedite my I-485 application?
Form I-485 is not eligible for premium processing. Expedited processing is granted only in rare cases involving urgent humanitarian reasons, severe financial loss, or national interest. Most applicants will need to follow standard timelines.
Does a marriage-based green card always require an interview?
Not always. While most applicants must attend an interview, USCIS may waive it in low-risk cases with strong documentation and no inconsistencies—especially for long-term marriages. Learn more about interview preparation and waiver eligibility in our Green Card Marriage Interview Guide.
Will concurrent filing speed up the green card process?
Concurrent filing allows Form I-130 and I-485 to be submitted together, which saves time on the front end. However, the I-485 will still be processed based on normal USCIS timelines.
Can I travel while my I-485 is pending?
Yes, but only if you’ve received Advance Parole (Form I-131). Learn more in our guide on entering the U.S. with Advance Parole. Traveling without it will likely result in USCIS considering your I-485 application abandoned, unless you’re on valid H-1B or L-1 status.
Is premium processing available for Form I-485?
No. Premium processing is not available for I-485 applications. All adjustment of status cases follow regular USCIS processing procedures and timelines.
Let Us Help You Finish Your I-485 Application Successfully
If you take the extra time and care to complete your Form I-485, you can minimize the processing time for your application. ImmigrationDirect helps optimize your I-485 Form processing time with our best approach. We aim to help you prepare an application, including the I-485 Supplement B, that meets all eligibility requirements and is thoroughly documented, thereby reducing the likelihood of receiving Requests for Evidence (RFEs) or denials.
Our streamlined online system and attorney consultation service help you submit a complete, accurate Form I-485 that meets USCIS requirements—reducing RFEs and speeding up your path to a green card.
